Research Glasgow to measure gravitational waves

Research Glasgow to measure gravitational waves

2013/11/29

Scottish technology will be at the heart of an space mission to detect the ripples in space-time caused by some of the most violent events in the universe.

The European Space Agency (ESA) has announced that one of its next two ‘large’ (L-class) missions will be to establish a gravitational wave observatory in space.

Known as the evolved Laser Interferometry Space Antenna (eLISA), the mission is planned to launch in 2034 and will build upon technologies already developed by scientists at the University of Glasgow’s Institute for Gravitational Research (IGR) for the ESA’s LISA Pathfinder probe (pictured), due for launch in 2015. The pathfinder will demonstrate technology including the Glasgow-built optical measurement system.

“It’s testament to the excellence of the work going on in Scotland today that a considerable part of the technology that will allow us to answer the most fundamental of questions will be developed by the University of Glasgow,” said Dr Harry Ward, who leads Glasgow’s eLISA work.

ELISA aims to detect gravitational waves made by the earliest black holes, and probably by the Big Bang, said the University and, “by observing how waves from early black holes are stretched out as they move toward us through the expanding Universe, the observatory will shed light on the mystery of dark energy”.

Between 2014 and 2020, eLISA technology will be optimised, followed by final mission selection and commitment of international partners. In 2024 industrial implementation will begin, with the payload supplied by a European consortium which also provides the flight hardware for LISA Pathfinder.

According to ESA, the Pathfinder will have two test masses in “a near-perfect gravitational free-fall, and control and measure their motion with unprecedented accuracy”. To do this it will use inertial sensors, laser metrology, a drag-free control system and a precise micro-propulsion system.

The masses are 46mm gold-platinum cubes, whose relative motion will be measured to 1pm (10^-12m using laser interferometry). The intention is to detect waves with periods of a few seconds to a few hours (10^-1 to 10^-4Hz).

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